Other dominoes element sets.
overview of domino mathematical systems

There is variety of dominoes organization in element sets.

The standard western set of dominoes has traditionally consisted of 28 tiles that display all possible pairs of digits from 0 through 6.  Each digit is shown eight times in the set. The variety of online games available has enabled traditional games to be transferred online and attract a new audience.

Traditional dominoes games present sets of dominoes elements (tiles, tokens, printed cards), on which digits are applied. The number of set elements is limited by number of combinations of digit pairs from 0 to N. The most well-known set of dominoes have combination of digits from 0 to 6. Theoretically, dominoes digit interval can be from 0 to any other digit. In addition, some digit combination can be repeated or can be absent.
The playing board can be divided into different number of squares in accordance with number of dominoes elements. And the number of dominoes elements can be brought into conformity with number of playing board squares. In other words, the most optimal playing board is presented in the present dominoes game set as the playing board consisting of 8 vertical and the 8 horizontal square rows. And in accordance with above mentioned there were presented sets of dominoes elements, which were organized so that they can be used for playing on the available board. But in addition to it we may calculate different ratio of dominoes elements in accordance with configuration of different playing boards.
Dominoes digit combinations can be presented as in the following table.

The lines in this table show digit interval increasing from 0 to N. In right columns there are shown number of dominoes elements in sets, which correspond to lines, and also quantities of doubles and fractions in corresponding sets. In addition numbers of dominoes elements in sets with geminated doubles and geminated fractions are presented too. It means that there are quantities of dominoes elements for the case when doubles or fractions will be presented in sets twice. Suppose that set with combination of digit from 0 to 9 includes 55 dominoes elements (decimal dominoes). Namely decimal dominoes consists of 10 doubles and 45 fractions. If this set includes geminated doubles it contains 65 dominoes elements, and if this decimal set includes geminated fractions it contains 100 dominoes elements.

In this table there are shown only main capabilities for changing numbers of dominoes elements. But actually these variations can be very different.
I can carry out more detail study for some dominoes sets.

● Traditional dominoes set (digit interval from 0 to 6) includes 28 dominoes elements. The playing board, which consists of 8 horizontal and 7 vertical square rows, corresponds to this number of dominoes elements.
Traditional dominoes set’s elements located on schematic squares of playing board are shown in the Figure.

Dominoes elements are distributed into proportional playing groups, which are located on opposite board halves. Because of 14 dominoes elements of each proportional group fully occupy squares of two limiting horizontal lines of the playing board, which has 7 vertical and 8 horizontal rows, fits to this number of dominoes elements. In other way, you can use the playing board, which has 7 vertical and 7 horizontal rows. The method, by which orienting arrows are applied onto dominoes elements, is shown on the right side of the Figure. It means that this Figure is unique technical drawing, in accordance with which this set of dominoes elements can be manufactured. The digit sums, which calculated in vertical and horizontal direction, are obtained when dominoes elements are located in specific playing position, are shown as numbers situated outside the playing board borders. As can be seen from this result traditional set’s elements compose the “magic square” too, as well as the main dominoes sets, as the sum of digits on each vertical 24, and the sum of digits on each horizontal 21 or 21+21=42. Look the information on magic squares and numerological numbers on pages of other site: www.numeralgame.64g.ru/en.htm

● The dominoes set with combinations of digits from 0 to 7 and with geminated quantity of elements with fractions.
This set of dominoes elements exactly fits for playing board, which consist of 8 horizontal and 8 vertical square rows, because it contains 64 dominoes elements, which corresponds to 64 squares of the playing board.
This dominoes set can be included in this game package. It means that this dominoes set can be the fourth set in the offered game package and to be designated by “D” letter. This fourth set of dominoes elements look like they are shown in the Figure.

Dark and light triangles identify dominoes elements, which belong to two proportional groups in the fourth set composition and also are orienting designations, in accordance to which dominoes elements can be oriented during their location onto the playing board. Doubles are designated by other way because their orientation has no meaning. But doubles belong to different proportional groups too and they have corresponding designations. These dominoes elements are designated by corresponding contrast triangles on their back sides. This dominoes set can be reduced. For example, dominoes elements including digit 7 can be deleted and all set will include 49 dominoes elements. In this case the playing board consisting of 7 vertical and 7 horizontal square rows will be the corresponding board. Or, for example, dominoes elements having digits 6 and 7 can be deleted. In this case the reduced set contains 36 dominoes elements and corresponds to the playing board consisting of 6 vertical and 6 horizontal square rows.

Matrix of dominoes digits.

Digits are applied on dominoes elements of the fourth set with help of unusual method. Hexadecimal notation in place of decimal dominoes notation was used in this case. This notation allows applying on dominoes elements digits from 0 to 15. It means that dominoes dots can have 16 meanings as the matrix shows. Due to this fact different dominoes sets may be organized. Some versions of digit presentations are shown in the Figure only. Nevertheless actual positions of dots for one or another digit can differ from proposed ones.

Altogether, there are can be many different dominoes sets.
Many possible dominoes sets were not considered. But if results of different researches of dominoes mathematical systems will be interesting for you they can be presented on this site pages.

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